Chemistry & Biochemistry · Auburn University
The Easley laboratory develops microfluidic, fluorescence-based, and electrochemical biosensing approaches to analyze mammalian tissues, human clinical samples, and other biologically relevant systems.
The Easley laboratory leverages several scientific disciplines, from fundamental analytical chemistry to molecular and cell biology. One thrust of our research is the development of microfluidic devices to mimic and interrogate endocrine systems. We have used valved microfluidics, pneumatic oscillators and computers, and aqueous-in-oil droplet generators to evaluate the dynamic function of adipose tissue, cells of paramount importance in diabetes, obesity, and metabolic syndrome.
To accommodate microscale bioanalysis, we develop novel and highly sensitive biomarker quantification methods that are compatible with our nanoliter-scale microfluidic sampling platforms. One approach is to develop sensitive and selective electrochemical (EC) biosensors. Working with synthetic chemists to create analyte-DNA conjugates, our DNA "bowtie" nanostructures have shown promise toward generalized biomarker sensing, demonstrating selective readout of small molecule drugs, peptides, and large proteins in the picomolar to nanomolar range.
We are also taking advantage of modern 3D printers to make many or most of our fluidic chips and EC cells, and recent efforts have shown the capability to make pneumatic logic gates and computing circuits to control valves and fluids on microfliudic devices. Overall, it can be said that we develop small-scale methods to measure small amounts of analytes from small biological samples. On the contrary, the results can be big, since we can extract information from the samples or biological systems that is not possible to reveal with larger-scale, conventional methods.
Back row:
Eli Kelly,
Mainul Mazumder,
Josh Howell,
Jonathan Parris,
Sims McElroy, and
Hieu Pham.
Front row:
Prof. Easley,
Eloge Lwamba,
Carter Dees,
Darlington Nwankpa,
Alex Schamban,
Ryan Duerr, and
Sabita Dangol.
PRINCIPAL INVESTIGATOR (back to top)
C. Dent Williams Professor, Bioanalytical Chemistry
and Associate Department Chair
(Dept. Webpage)
NIH Postdoctoral Fellow, Vanderbilt Medical Center (2006-08)
Ph.D. in Analytical Chemistry, University of Virginia (2002-06)
B.S.
in Chemistry, Mississippi State University (1998-2002)
GRADUATE STUDENTS (back to top)
Ph.D. Candidate, Chemistry and Biochemistry (2022-present)
Ph.D. Candidate, Chemistry and Biochemistry (2023-present)
Ph.D. Candidate, Chemistry and Biochemistry (2022-present)
Ph.D. Candidate, Chemistry and Biochemistry (2020-present)
Ph.D. Candidate, Chemistry and Biochemistry (2024-present)
Ph.D. Candidate, Chemistry and Biochemistry (2025-present)
Ph.D. Candidate, Chemistry and Biochemistry (2021-present)
UNDERGRADUATES (back to top)
Biochemistry Major
Chemical Engineering Major
Biochemistry Major
Biomedical Sciences Major
Chemistry Major
FORMER MEMBERS (back to top)
Former Graduate Students:
Andresa B. Bezerra, Ph.D.; Assistant Teaching Professor at Elon U.
Jessica (Brooks) Schilling, Ph.D.; Product Dev. Engineer at Kerecis
Cheryl (DeJournette) Colquhoun, Ph.D.; Laboratory Manager at Auburn University
Kennon S. Deal, Ph.D.; Associate Professor at ABAC, Tifton, GA
Katarena Ford, Ph.D.; Senior Biologics Account Manager, Waters Corporation
Leah A. Godwin, Ph.D.; Senior Chemist at CVI Engineering; Pensacola, FL
Asanka Gurukandure, Ph.D.; Research Scientist at QPS Holdings; Newark, DE
Tesfagebriel Hagos, M.S.; Medical Tech., DC Dept. of Forensic Sciences
Mark Holtan, Ph.D.; Research Instrument Coordinator at NC A&T University
Jiaming Hu, Ph.D.; Professor at South China Normal Univ. (website)
Juan Hu, Ph.D.; Assistant Professor at San Diego St. U. (website)
Yvette Kayirangwa, Ph.D.; Founder and CEO of Inkubito Wealth
Niamat Khuda, Ph.D.; Los Angeles Metro Area
Amanda Kurian, Ph.D.; Research Scientist at QPS Holdings; Newark, DE
Xiangpeng Li, Ph.D.; Assistant Professor at Florida State U. (website)
Md Mohibullah, Ph.D.; Scientist III at
Eurofins
Md Moniruzzman, Ph.D.; Postdoc at AU Chem. Eng.
Jean Negou, Ph.D.; Engineer at Collier Venture, Inc.
Nan Shi, Ph.D.; Postdoc at UC Irvine
Joanne Seow, Ph.D.
Subramaniam (Mani) Somasundaram, Ph.D.; Senior Scientist II at Zimmer Biomet
Former Postdocs:
William J. Ashby, Ph.D.; Sumo Robot League (Augusta, GA)
Adriana Avila, Ph.D.; Assistant Professor, Auburn Univ. (website)
Joonyul Kim, Ph.D.; CEO at Ciscovery Bio, Inc.
Subramaniam (Mani) Somasundaram, Ph.D.; Senior Scientist II at Zimmer Biomet
Ajay Urgunde, Ph.D.; Visiting Assistant Professor at CSU Pueblo
Former Undergraduates:
Sawyer Stanley; Auburn University
MacKay Pfeiffer; UAB College of Medicine
Webber Alt; Auburn University
Patrick Rice; UAB College of Medicine
Jacob Sinopoli; Alabama College of Osteopathic Medicine
Madelyn James; Vanderbilt University, Graduate School
Max Blackwell; Auburn University
Joshua Baroody; Auburn University
Sidney Wasner; University of Huntsville, Graduate School
Haley Stephens; Auburn University
Swati Baskiyar; Auburn University
Joanne Seow (summer 2018); Auburn University, Ph.D. program
Dylan Holder; Emory University, Graduate School
Stuart Moon; University of Southern California, Graduate School
Andresa Bezerra; University of Sao Paulo, Brazil
Stephen Gass; Auburn University
Lauren Hoepfner; UAB School of Medicine, Birmingham, AL
Louis Jackson; UTenn School of Pharmacy, Memphis, TN
Zac Keenum; UAB School of Medicine, Birmingham, AL
Haley Medlen; UAB School of Medicine, Birmingham, AL
Jasmine Naik (REU 2013); Rowan University, Glassboro, NJ
Meagan E. Pilkerton, M.S.; Analytical Chemist at IEH Laboratories
Bailey Roberts; USF School of Medicine
Amanda Kelley Robertson; Blue Bell, PA
Ricky Scheuerle; USF School of Medicine, Tampa, FL
Rebecca S. Sollie, M.D.; U. of South Alabama School of Medicine, AL
Ferdous Torabinejad Finklea; Graduate Student, Dept. Chem. Eng., Auburn Univ.
Luke J. Vincent; UMC School of Medicine, Jackson, MS
Terrance Weeden, M.S.; Philadelphia College of Osteopathic Medicine
The scale of microfluidic devices is well-matched to native flow conditions around cells and tissues in vivo. Several groups have used microfluidic sampling of ex vivo endocrine tissues for precise and sensitive analysis under continuous flow. However, most of these systems have been limited to temporal resolutions in the 2-10 minute range. Our group has used droplet-based microfluidics for rapid sampling of islet and adipose tissues with integrated on-chip assays to achieve sampling every few seconds, and the latest valve-controlled devices have been termed as microfluidic analog-to-digital converters (µADCs). Our µADC devices have demonstrated temporal sampling resolution (∆t) as low as 3.5 seconds, and they have revealed new biological information on the dynamics of lipolysis in adipose tissue. Our latests updates have transitioned device architectures to 3D-printed materials, and control systems have been simplified by Arduino interfacing and a custom valve-control system to operate normally-closed, vacuum-operated valves. Overall, we have developed a less expensive, portable, flexible, and simpler system to control droplet-based µADC devices, and we have applied this system to high resolution temporal sampling of adipose tissue during pharmacological modification of lipolytic process. This control system should be suitable to control not only devices already well-established in our laboratory but also to control future devices for tissue-on-a-chip analysis, nucleic acid assays, on-chip assay calibrations, and various other applications.
Biomarker quantification plays a vital role in human health management, disease diagnosis, and medical studies on patients, animals, or cell and tissue culture models. The ideal biosensor is capable of robust measurement even in complex media like blood or serum. A familiar example of a successful technology in point-of-care (POC) biosensing is used by hundreds of millions of diabetics and others daily, the glucometer, based fundamentally on electrochemical measurement. However, this device and many others are specialized to one or a few targeted biomarkers or analytes. There remains a need for a flexible, generalizable, biosensing platform in which a single signal transduction mechanism can be adapted to measure a wide range of analytes. Inspired by this problem, our group has developed several biosensors based on DNA monolayer structures at gold electrode surfaces. In contrast to DNA aptamer-based sensors, our latest method relies on DNA as a structural element, and we take advantage of chemical synthesis to make analyte-DNA bioconjugates. With these modular, DNA “bowtie” sensors, signal from square-wave voltammetry can be correlated to the structure’s movements via tethered diffusion and, therefore, the amount of surface-bound antibody. In this seminar, I will discuss the development of these bowtie sensors, the various chemical modifications we have made, and the binding model that we have developed to describe the operation of the sensors. Using the same core DNA structure and electrochemical signaling mechanism, bowtie sensors have been developed for quantification of a wide range of clinically important molecules such as antibodies, peptides, proteins, drugs, and small molecule hormones like testosterone, estradiol, and cortisol. Considering their ease-of-use and relatively fast readout, this system is poised to make an important impact in biosensing for disease diagnosis, health monitoring, and fundamental biological studies.
It has long been recognized that electrical circuit models can be used to describe the operation of microfluidic circuits under laminar flow. For pneumatic, valve-control circuits and microfluidic applications, these analogies are useful, although air compressibility can introduce deviations in practice. A significant bottleneck between design and implementation of these pneumatics to real-world applications has been the need for device fabrication through standard photolithography, which is a time-consuming process with low design iteration throughput. We have used inexpensive resin-based 3D printers (US $600-800) to rapidly design and prototype pneumatic and microfluidic circuits, removing the lithography-based bottleneck. Modular circuit designs included single- or multiple- valve packages, resistors, capacitors, tubing interfaces, T-junctions, vacuum manifolds, fluidic channels, droplet generators, pumps, and mixers. With plug-and-play connectors, these elements can be easily connected or disconnected, allowing various complex configurations such as oscillators (0.5 – 120 Hz operation), delay buffers (20 – 150 ms timing), and custom pneumatic logic circuits to reshape pulse signals. These pneumatic circuits can be used without any software or electrical control, using only a single vacuum input, providing autonomous control over applications such as droplet generation or mixing for biosensors. In one example, multiple valves (aqueous and oil) are triggered with custom timing, allowing automatic and cyclic gating of a sample droplet, an oil spacer, a reference droplet, and another oil spacer. These ordered steps are used in our devices for adipose tissue secretion sampling at high temporal resolution. We envision a variety of other applications, such as autonomous control of tissue-on-a-chip microdevices, could be made accessible to non-experts in this way.
NSF, National Science Foundation (IIP-1549771, CBET-1403495, CBET-1067779, CBET-1337818, DUE-1102997)
NIH, National Institutes of Health (R35 GM162579 [2026 - present], R01 GM138828, R01 DK093810, R43 HG006078)
DHS S&T, Dept. of Homeland Security Science & Technology (DHS-70RSAT22CB0000002)
Back row (from left): Hieu Pham, Eloge Lwamba, MacKay Pfeiffer, Andresa Bezerra, Prof. Easley,
Josh Howell, Yvette Kayirangwa, Asanka Gurukandure, Joanne Seow, Sabita Dangol, Ajay Urgunde, and Md Mohibullah.
Front row: Md Moniruzzaman, Amanda Kurian, and Mainul Mazumder.
Back row (from left): Andresa Bezerra, Amanda Kurian, Joanne Seow, Md Moniruzzaman, Jacob Sinopoli,
Md Mohibullah, and Yvette Kayirangwa.
Front row: Prof. Easley, Nan Shi, Mainul Mazumder, Patrick Rice, and Asanka Gurukandure.
Back row (from left): Nan Shi, Md Mohibullah, Andresa Bezerra, Swati Baskiyar, Katarena Ford,
Asanka Gurukandure Gedara, Mani Somasundaram, and Mark Holtan.
Front row: Prof. Easley, Jacob Sinopoli, Yvette Kayirangwa, Juan Hu, Haley Stephens, Amanda Kurian,
Md Moniruzzaman, and Hui Jin.
Back row (from left): Adriana Avila, Mani Somasundaram, Mark Holtan, and Jean Negou.
Middle row: Nan Shi, Molly McMahon, Juan Hu, Liam, Annelise, Katarena Ford, and Chris Easley.
Front row: Suyun, Andrew, Xiangpeng Li, Ally, and Hui Jin.
Back row (from left): Joonyul Kim, Mark Holtan, Mani Somasundaram, and Adriana Avila.
Middle row: Chris Easley, Jean Negou, Niamat Khuda, Katarena Ford, and Gebriel Hagos.
Front row: Xiangpeng Li, Jessica Brooks, and Juan Hu.
Back row (from left): Xiangpeng Li, Chris Easley, Joonyul Kim, Katarena Ford, Dylan Holder, Mani Somasundaram, and Stephen Gass.
Front row: Jess Brooks, Andresa Bezerra, Bailey Roberts, Juan Hu, Gebriel Hagos, Jean Negou, and Mark Holtan.
Back row (from left): Ricky Scheuerle, Xiangpeng Li, Jiaming Hu, Ferdous Finklea, Haley Medlen, Lauren Hoepfner, Leah Godwin, Jess Brooks, Will Ashby, and Zac Keenum.
Middle row: Amanda Robertson, Cheryl Colquhoun, Chris Easley, and Kennon Deal.
Front row: Joonyul Kim, Jean Negou, Louis Jackson, and Mani Somasundaram.
Group size was doubled using an iPhone app!
Back row (from left): Joonyul Kim, Louis Jackson, and Lauren Hoepfner.
Middle row: Zac Keenum, Chris Easley, Haley Medlen, Jiaming Hu, and Kennon Deal.
Front row: Leah Godwin, Cheryl DeJournette, and Jessica Crumbley.
Pictured (from left): Leah Godwin, Zac Keenum, Meagan Pilkerton, Jiaming Hu, Kennon Deal, Chris Easley, Rebecca Sollie, and Cheryl DeJournette.
Group Dinner at Pittcon 2010, Orlando, FL
Early days in the lab with Jiaming, Dr. Easley, and Leah.
Note: Full-text access requires journal subscription.
47. Gurukandure, A.; Mazumder, M. I.; Ortiz, K. G.; Kurian, A. S. N.; Somasundaram, S.; *Karimov, R. R.; *Easley, C. J., A Sensitive DNA Bowtie Sensor for Calibration-Free Sex Hormone Detection Using Analyte-DNA Conjugates and Multiple Redox Labels, ACS Meas. Sci. Au 2026, published online. DOI: 10.1021/acsmeasuresciau.6c00042
46. Kharal, S. P.; Mohibullah, M.; McDermott, T.; Easley, C. J.; *Louf, J. F., Confinement and hydraulic resistance appear to separately govern motility and path selection in Physarum polycephalum, J. R. Soc. Interface 2026, 23, 237, 20250873. https://doi.org/10.1098/rsif.2025.0873
45. Moniruzzaman, M.; Bezerra, A. B.; Mohibullah, M.; Judd, R. L.; Granneman, J. G.; Easley, C. J.*, Dynamic sampling from ex vivo adipose tissue using droplet-based microfluidics supports separate mechanisms for glycerol and fatty acid secretion, Lab Chip 2024, 24, 5020-5031. https://doi.org/10.1039/D4LC00664J
44. Kurian, A. S. N.; Mazumder, M. I.; Gurukandure, A.; Easley, C. J.*, An Electrochemical Proximity Assay (ECPA) for Antibody Detection Incorporating Flexible Spacers for Improved Performance, Anal. Bioanal. Chem. 2024, 416, 6529-6539. https://doi.org/10.1007/s00216-024-05546-9
43. Hu, J.; Easley, C. J.*, Development of a Mix-and-Read Assay for Human Asprosin using Antibody-Oligonucleotide Probes and Thermofluorimetric Analysis, Anal. Methods 2024, 16, 6057-6063. https://doi.org/10.1039/D3AY01175E
42. Gurukandure, A.; Somasundaram, S.; Kurian, A. S. N.; Khuda, N.; Easley, C. J.* Building a nucleic acid nanostructure with DNA-epitope conjugates for a versatile electrochemical protein detection platform, Anal. Chem. 2023, 95, 18122–18129. PDF
41. Kayirangwa, Y.; Mohibullah, M.; Easley, C. J.*, Droplet-based µChopper device with a 3D-printed pneumatic valving layer and a simple photometer for absorbance based fructosamine quantification in human serum, Analyst 2023, 148, 4810-4819. PDF
40. Kurian, A. S. N.; Gurukandure, A.; Dovgan, I.; Kolodych, S.; Easley, C. J.*, Thermofluorimetric Analysis (TFA) using Probes with Flexible Spacers: Application to Direct Antibody Sensing and to Antibody-Oligonucleotide (AbO) Conjugate Valency Monitoring, Anal. Chem. 2023, 95, 11680–11686. PDF
39. Khuda, N.; Somasundaram, S.; Urgunde, A.; Easley, C. J.*, Ionic Strength and Hybridization Position Near Gold Electrodes Can Significantly Improve Kinetics in DNA-Based Electrochemical Sensors, ACS Appl. Mater. Interfaces 2023, 15, 5019-5027. PDF
38. Khuda, N.; Somasundaram, S.; Easley, C. J.*, Electrochemical Sensing of the Peptide Drug Exendin-4 using a Versatile Nucleic Acid Nanostructure, ACS Sens. 2022, 7, 784-789. PDF
37. Shi, N.; Mohibullah, M.; Easley, C. J.*, Active Flow Control and Dynamic Analysis in Droplet Microfluidics, Annu. Rev. Anal. Chem. 2021, 14, 133-153. PDF
36. Bezerra, A. B.; Kurian, A. S. N.; Easley, C. J.*, Nucleic-Acid Driven Cooperative
Bioassays using Probe Proximity or Split-Probe Techniques,
Anal. Chem. 2021, 93, 198-214.
PDF
- Invited for 2021 Special Issue: Fundamental and Applied
Reviews in Analytical Chemistry
35. Shi, N.; Easley, C. J.*, Programmable µChopper Device with On-Chip
Droplet Mergers for Continuous Assay Calibration,
Micromachines 2020, 11, 620. PDF
- Invited contribution to special issue on "Droplet Microfluidics"
34. Shi, N.; Moniruzzaman, M.; Easley, C. J.*, “Tissue Engineering and Analysis in Droplet Microfluidics,” in Droplet Microfluidics; Ren, C., Lee, A., Eds.; Royal Society of Chemistry (Cambridge, UK) 2020, in press.
33. Hu, J.; Li, X.; Judd, R. L.; Easley, C. J.*, Rapid lipolytic oscillations in ex-vivo adipose tissue explants revealed through microfluidic droplet sampling at high temporal resolution, Lab Chip 2020, 20, 1503-1512. PDF
32. Holtan, M. D.; Somasundaram, S.; Khuda, N.; Easley, C. J.*, Non-Faradaic Current Suppression in DNA Based Electrochemical Assays with a Differential Potentiostat Anal. Chem. 2019, 91, 15833-15839. PDF
31. Somasundaram, S.; *Easley, C. J., A Nucleic Acid Nanostructure Built through On-electrode Ligation for Electrochemical Detection of a Broad Range of Analytes, J. Am. Chem. Soc. 2019, 141, 11721-11726. PDF
30. Li, X.; Hu, J.; Easley, C. J.*, Automated microfluidic droplet sampling with integrated, mix-and-read immunoassays
to resolve endocrine tissue secretion dynamics,
Lab Chip 2018, 18, 2926-2935. PDF
- Selected as Cover Article (inside front)
- Featured in the journal's top 10% list, "Recent Hot Articles" (link)
29. Negou, J. T.; Hu, J.; Li, X.; Easley, C. J.*, Advancement of analytical modes in a multichannel, microfluidic droplet-based sample chopper employing phase-locked detection,
Anal. Methods 2018, 10, 3436-3443.
PDF
- Selected as Cover Article
28. Easley, C. J.; Regan, F.; Roper, M. G.; Martin, R. S.*, In celebration of the 60th birthday of
2 microfluidics pioneers: Professor Susan Lunte and Professor James Landers,
Anal. Methods 2018, 10, 3433-3435.
PDF
- Editorial
27. Easley, C. J.*, Eric Lagally (Ed.): Microfluidics and nanotechnology: biosensing to the
single molecule limit,
Anal. Bioanal. Chem. 2018, in press, DOI: 10.1007/s00216-018-1193-5.
PDF
- Book review
26. Easley, C. J.; Kim, J.; Hu, J.; Holtan, M. D.; Somasundaram, S.; Shannon, C. G., Thermally Resolved Molecule Assays, U.S. Patent 9,995,680; June 12, 2018.
25. Somasundaram, S.; Holtan, M. D.; Easley, C. J.*, Understanding signal and background in a thermally resolved, single-branched DNA assay using square wave voltammetry, Anal. Chem. 2018, 90, 3584-3591. PDF
24. Li, X.; Easley, C. J.*, Microfluidic systems for studying dynamic function of adipocytes and adipose tissue, Anal. Bioanal. Chem.
2018, 410, 791-800. PDF
- Critical Review; Invited submission to the ABC 16th Anniversary Issue
23. Hu, J.; Easley, C. J.*, Homogeneous Assays of Second Messenger Signaling and Hormone Secretion using Thermofluorimetric Methods that Minimize Calibration Burden, Anal. Chem. 2017, 89, 8517–8523. PDF
22. Negou, J. T.; Avila, L. A.; Li, X.; Hagos, T. M.; Easley, C. J.*, An automated microfluidic droplet-based sample chopper for detection of small fluorescence differences using lock-in analysis, Anal. Chem. 2017, 89, 6153-6159. PDF
21. Li, X.; Brooks, J. C.; Hu, J.; Ford, K. I.; Easley, C. J.*, 3D-templated, fully automated microfluidic input/output multiplexer for endocrine tissue culture and secretion sampling, Lab Chip 2017, 17, 341-349. PDF
20. Brooks, J. C.; Judd, R. L.; Easley, C. J.*, Culture and Sampling of Primary Adipose Tissue in Practical Microfluidic Systems, in Methods in Molecular Biology: Thermogenic Fat - Methods and Protocols, Humana Press/Springer (New York) 2017, in press, DOI: 10.1007/978-1-4939-6820-6_18
19. Brooks, J. C.; Ford, K. I.; Holder, D. H.; Holtan, M. D.; Easley, C. J.*, Macro-to-micro interfacing to microfluidic channels using 3D-printed templates: Application to time-resolved secretion sampling of endocrine tissue, Analyst 2016, 141, 5714-5721. PDF
18. Kerscher, P.; Turnbull, I. C.; Hodge, A. J.; Kim, J.; Seliktar, D.; Easley, C. J.; Costa, K. D.; Lipke, E.*, Direct Hydrogel Encapsulation of Pluripotent Stem Cells Enables Ontomimetic Differentiation and Growth of Engineered Human Heart Tissues, Biomaterials 2016, 83, 383-395. PDF
17. Hu, J.; Wang, T.; Shannon, C.; Easley, C. J. Electrochemical Proximity Assay. US Patent 9,335,292 B2, May 10, 2016.
16. Kim, J.; Hu, J.; Bezerra, A. B.; Holtan, M. D.; Brooks, J. C.; Easley, C. J.*, Protein Quantification using Controlled DNA Melting Transitions in Bivalent Probe Assemblies, Anal. Chem. 2015, 87, 9576-9579. PDF
15. Juan Hu, Joonyul Kim, and Christopher J. Easley*,
Quantifying Aptamer-Protein Binding via Thermofluorimetric Analysis, Anal. Methods
2015, 7, 7358-7362. PDF
- Dr. Easley featured in "Emerging Investigators" issue (link)
14. Leah A. Godwin, Jessica C. Brooks, Lauren D. Hoepfner, Desiree Wanders, Robert L. Judd, and Christopher J. Easley*,
A Microfluidic Interface Design for the Culture and Sampling of Adiponectin from Primary Adipocytes, Analyst
2015, 140, 1019-1025. PDF
- Selected as Cover Article
- Featured as Analyst Hot Article
13. Branson A. Maynard, Jessica C. Brooks, Emily E. Hardy, Christopher J. Easley, and Anne E. V. Gorden*, Synthesis, structural characterization, electronic spectroscopy, and microfluidic detection of Cu+2 and UO2+2 [di-tert-butyl-salphenazine] complexes, Dalton Trans. 2015, 44, 4428-4430. PDF
12. Jiaming Hu, Yajiao Yu, Jessica C. Brooks, Leah A. Godwin, Subramaniam Somasundaram, Ferdous Torabinejad, Joonyul Kim, Curtis Shannon*, and Christopher J. Easley*, A Reusable Electrochemical Proximity Assay for Highly Selective, Real-Time Protein Quantitation in Biological Matrices, J. Am. Chem. Soc. 2014, 136, 8467-8474. PDF
11. Landers, J. P.; Bienvenue, J. M.; Legendre, L. A.; Easley, C. J.; Karlinsey, J. M., Integrated microfluidic analysis systems, US Patent 8,916,375 B2, Dec. 23, 2014
10. Cheryl J. DeJournette, Joonyul Kim, Haley Medlen, Xiangpeng Li, Luke J. Vincent, and Christopher J. Easley, Creating Biocompatible Oil-Water Interfaces without Synthesis: Direct Interactions between Primary Amines and Carboxylated Perfluorocarbon Surfactants, Anal. Chem. 2013, 85, 10556-10564. PDF
9. Leah A. Godwin, Kennon S. Deal, Lauren D. Hoepfner, Louis A. Jackson, Christopher J. Easley, Measurement of Microchannel Fluidic Resistance with a Standard Voltage Meter, Anal. Chim. Acta 2013, 758, 101-107. PDF
8. Jiaming Hu, Tanyu Wang, Joonyul Kim, Curtis Shannon*, Christopher J. Easley*, Quantitation of femtomolar protein levels via direct readout with the electrochemical proximity assay, J. Am. Chem. Soc. 2012, 134, 7066–7072. PDF
7. Daniel W. Horn; K. P. Tracy; Christopher J. Easley, Virginia A. Davis, Lysozyme Dispersed Single-Walled Carbon Nanotubes: Interaction and Activity, J. Phys. Chem. C 2012, 116, 10341–10348. PDF
6. Kennon S. Deal and Christopher J. Easley, A Self-Regulated, Droplet-Based Sample Chopper for Microfluidic Absorbance Detection, Analytical Chemistry 2012, 84, 1510–1516. PDF
5. Easley, C. J.; Karlinsey, J. M.; Leslie, D. C.; Begley, M. R.; Landers, J. P. Passive components for micro-fluidic flow profile shaping and related method thereof. US Patent 8,220,493 B2, July 17, 2012
4. Leah A. Godwin, Meagan E. Pilkerton, Kennon S. Deal, Desiree Wanders, Robert L. Judd, and Christopher J. Easley, A passively operated microfluidic device for stimulation and secretion sampling of single pancreatic islets, Analytical Chemistry, 83 (2011) 7166–7172. PDF
3. Jiaming Hu and Christopher J. Easley, A Simple and Rapid Approach for Measurement of Dissociation Constants of DNA Aptamers against Proteins and Small Molecules via Automated Microchip Electrophoresis, Analyst, 136 (2011) 3461-3468. PDF
2. Joonyul Kim and Christopher J. Easley, Isothermal DNA Amplification in Bioanalysis: Strategies and Applications, Bioanalysis, 3 (2011) 227-239. Author's PDF, Publisher's PDF
1. Joonyul Kim, Jiaming Hu, Rebecca S. Sollie, Christopher J. Easley, Improvement of sensitivity and dynamic range in proximity ligation assays by asymmetric connector hybridization, Analytical Chemistry, 82 (2010) 6976-6982. PDF
13. Christopher J. Easley, Jonathan V. Rocheleau, W. Steven Head, and
David W. Piston, Quantitative measurement of zinc secretion from
pancreatic islets with high temporal resolution using droplet-based
microfluidics,
Analytical Chemistry, 81 (2009) 9086-9095.
PDF
- Full-page
Research Profile by
Nancy Lamontagne
12. Daniel C. Leslie, Christopher J. Easley, Erkin Seker, James M. Karlinsey,
Marcel Utz, Matthew R. Begley, and James P. Landers, Frequency-specific flow
control in microfluidic circuits with passive elastomeric features,
Nature Physics, 5 (2009) 231-235.
PDF
- Editors' Choice, Science, 23 (2009) 1539.
PDF
- Research Highlight, Lab on a Chip, 9 (2009)
861.
PDF
11. Christopher J. Easley, Richard K. P. Benninger, Jesse H. Shaver, W.
Steven Head, and David W. Piston, Rapid and inexpensive fabrication of polymeric
microfluidic devices via toner transfer masking,
Lab on a Chip, 9 (2009) 1119-1127.
PDF
- Research Highlight, Nature Methods, 6 (2009)
194.
PDF
10. Shu Mao, Richard K. P. Benninger, Yuling Yan, Chutima Petchprayoon, David Jackson, Christopher J. Easley, David W. Piston, and Gerard Marriott, Optical lock-in detection of fluorescence resonance energy transfer using synthetic and genetically-encoded optical switches, Biophysical Journal, 94 (2008) 4515-4524. PDF
9. Christopher J. Easley, Joseph A. C. Humphrey, and James P. Landers, Thermal isolation of microchip reaction chambers for rapid non-contact DNA amplification, Journal of Micromechanics and Microengineering, 17 (2007) 1758-1766. PDF
8. Ki-Ho Han, Rachel D. McConnell, Christopher J. Easley, Joan M. Bienvenue, Jerome P. Ferrance, James P. Landers, and A. Bruno Frazier, An active microfluidic system packaging technology, Sensors and Actuators B: Chemical, 122 (2007) 337-346. PDF
7. Christopher J. Easley, James M. Karlinsey, Joan M. Bienvenue, Lindsay A. Legendre, Michael G. Roper, Sanford H. Feldman, Molly A. Hughes, Erik L. Hewlett, Tod J. Merkel, Jerome P. Ferrance, and James P. Landers, A fully-integrated microfluidic genetic analysis system with sample in-answer out capability, Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences USA, 103 (2006) 19272-19277. PDF [Highlighted in Science as an Editor's Choice, 19 January: 315 (2007) 5810. PDF ; also in Nature Biotechnology as a Research Highlight, January: 25 (2007) 69; and in Analytical Chemistry as a Bio Sphere news article, February: 79 (2007) 809.]
6. Michael G. Roper, Christopher J. Easley, Lindsay A. Legendre, Joseph A. C. Humphrey, and James P. Landers, Infrared temperature control system for a completely noncontact polymerase chain reaction in microfluidic chips, Analytical Chemistry, 79 (2007) 1294-1300. PDF
5. Weidong Cao, Christopher J. Easley, Jerome P. Ferrance, and James P. Landers, Chitosan as a polymer for pH-induced DNA capture in a totally aqueous system, Analytical Chemistry, 78 (2006) 7222-7228. PDF
4. Christopher J. Easley, James M. Karlinsey, and James P. Landers, On-chip pressure injection for integration of infrared-mediated DNA amplification with electrophoretic separation, Lab on a Chip, 6 (2006) 601-610. [Cover Article] PDF
3. Guihua Eileen Yue, Michael G. Roper, Erin D. Jeffery, Christopher J. Easley, Catherine Balchunas, James P. Landers, and Jerome P. Ferrance, Glass microfluidic devices with thin membrane voltage junctions for electrospray mass spectrometry, Lab on a Chip, 5 (2005) 619-627. PDF
2. Christopher J. Easley, Lindsay A. Legendre, Michael G. Roper, and James P. Landers, Extrinsic Fabry-Perot interferometry for non-contact temperature control of nanoliter volume enzymatic reactions in glass microchips, Analytical Chemistry, 77 (2005) 1038-1045. PDF
1. Christopher J. Easley, Lian Ji Jin, Katja B. Presto Elgstoen, Egil Jellum, James P. Landers, and Jerome P. Ferrance, Capillary electrophoresis with laser-induced fluorescence detection for laboratory diagnosis of galactosemia, Journal of Chromatography A, 1004 (2003) 29-37. PDF