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Endings

• Personal pronouns
• Singular nouns
  Exercise
• Singular adjectives
  Exercise
• Plural nouns
• Plural adjectives
  Exercise

Use

• Indirect object
• нравиться
• Denoting age
• Impersonal constructions
• Prepositions к, по
• надо, нужно

1. Masculine and neuter nouns that end in a hard stem have the ending -у:

   Зина приготовила Вадиму вкусный обед.

2. Masculine and neuter nouns that end in a soft stem have the ending -ю:

   Мы дали книгу Василию.

3. Feminine and masculine nouns that end in -a and -я will have the ending -е:

   Муж улыбается жене.
   мама купила Гале пальто.
   Сын купил папе газету.
   

4. Feminine nouns that end in a soft sign or in -ия will have the ending -и:

   Дочь показывает матери новые брюки. Анна показываетт Mарии фотографии.

5. Notice that the feminine dative endings are the same as in the prepositional case.

Singular adjectives

1. Masculine and neuter adjectives in the dative case have the following endings:

   stem	nominative	ending	dative
   hard	стар-ый	-ому	старому
   soft	вечерн-ий	-ему	вечерн-ему
   	весь		всему
   	мой		мо-ему

2. Feminine adjectives in the dative case have the same endings as in the prepositional case: -eй if the stem is soft, or if it ends in a spelling rule problem letter:

1. Nouns of all genders in the dative plural case will have the endings -ам or -ям.

2. All appropriate spelling rules will apply.

3. The ending is added to the plural stem of the noun:

1. Adjectives in the dative plural have the endings -ым and -им.

2. All appropriate spelling rules will apply:

   Что вы сказали своим новым друзьям?

   Мы часто помогаем этим американским студенткам.

1. The dative case is the case of the indirect object.

2. The indirect object answers the questions for whom? to whom? to what? and for what?

3. In English the indirect object can be preceded by the prepositions to and for:

   I gave the book to John. I bought a present for John.

4. The same sentences can be expressed in English without a preposition:

   I gave John the book. I bought John a present.

5. The indirect object is a person or thing that benefits from some action.

6. Not all verbs can have an indirect object. These are some verbs that do have indirect objects:

   говорить, отвечать, читать, рассказывать, улыбаться

This verb means 'to like', 'to be impressed' by something or somebody. The person who receives the impression will be in the dative case, while the person liked will be the subject of the sentence and therefore in the nominative case.

Сергею понравилась ваша тётя.
Sergei was impressed by you aunt.

Kак вам нравится наш дом?
How do you like our house?

In Russian, the person whose age is being told is in the dative case.

Этому студенту 21 год.

Нине 15 лет.

Сергею 4 года.

1. You would use the preposition k in Russian with verbs of 'going' to indicate going to a person's place. The person to whose place you are going, or whom you are going to see will be in the dative case:

   Я иду к Антону. I am going to Anton's.

   Они идут к учительнице. They are going to the teacher's place (to see the teacher).

2. The preposition по will always require a noun in the dative case.

   Туристы ходили по улице.

   По телевизору идёт интересная передача.

1. The words надо and нужно are used to express the necessity to do something.

2. The person who needs to do something, will be in the dative case.

3. The verb indicating the action that needs to be done will be in the infinitive.

   Мне надо купить новое пальто.

   Нам нужно спешить домой.

4. Don't confuse the word нужно with the short adjectives нужен, нужна, нужно, нужны.

5. The short adjectives are used to indicate that something or someone is needed. The person who needs something or someone will be in the dative case:

   Мне нужны деньги.
   Сергею нужна эта книга.