#0032. Complex sentences

1. Russian and English have three types of sentences: simple, compound and complex.

2. A simple sentence is made up of a subject and a predicate:

   subject	predicate
   Наташа	работает в институте.
   Они	слушают музыку.

3. A compound sentence is made up of two simple sentences joined by a conjunction:

   Мы слушаем радио и читаем газету. We are listening to the radio and reading a newspaper.

   Я работаю в Москве, а он работает в Киеве. I work in Moscow, and he works in in Kiev.

4. A compound sentence can easily be split into two simple sentences, because each simple sentence in a compound sentence expresses a complete thought.

5. A complex sentence combines a simple sentence, or independent clause, with a subordinate (dependent) clause using a relative pronoun or an interrogative word, like кто, что, где, чей, как, почему, as a conjunction.

   complex sentence
   main clause	conj.	subordinate clause
   Я не знаю,	кто	живёт здесь.
   Пётр не знает,	где	его машина.
   Сергей знает,	чья	это квартира.
   Ты не знаешь,	почему	они здесь?
   Они спрашивают,	как	мы говорим по-немецки.
   Они спрашивают,	когда	мы поедем в деревню.

6. The main clause of a complex sentence can stand alone. It expresses a complete thought and is the essential part of the sentence.

7. When the subordinate clause is first in the sentence, it is pronounced with intonational construction 3 (IC-3), and the main clause is pronounced with IC-1.