I. Introduction
A. Anatomical Overview
B. Amounts of Blood
C. Cross Sectional Area
D. Rate of Flow
E. Pressure Differences
II. Arteries
A. Tunics
1) Interna
2) Media
3) Externa
B. Function (elastic recoil)
C. Pressure Curve
D. Pathologies
1) Atherosclerosis
2) Aneurysm
III. Relationship between arterial, ventricular and atrial
pressure, mechanical events, and electrical events
IV. Arterioles
A. Anatomy
B. Function - regulate flow (e.g. exercise)
C. Regulation
1) Autonomic nervous
system
2) Local "regulators"
a) CO2 , H+, O2
b) Prostaglandins
c) Kinins
d) Histamines
V. Capillaries
A. Anatomy
B. Regulation of Flow (microcirculation)
(Fig. 1)
C. Exchange Between Fluid Compartments
1) Diffusion
2) Filtration
- Bulk Flow
a) Pressures
b) Applications
VI. Venules and Veins
A. Anatomy - valves
B. Functions
C. Varicose Veins
VII. Hemodynamics
A. Flow
1)
2) Laminar
3) Indirect Blood
Pressure
B. Pressure
1) Definition
2) A.P. = C.O. x TPR
C. Resistance
1)
2)
VIII. Regulation of Blood Pressure
A. Neuronal Mechanisms
1) Baroreceptors
2) Chemoreceptors
3) CNS ischemic
B. "Chemical" Mechanisms
1) Renin-Angiotensin
2) Vasopressin (A.D.H.)
IX. Hypertension
A. Introduction
B. Types
1) Primary
2) Secondary
C. Treatment
1) Non-pharmacological
2) Pharmacological
X. Circulatory Shock
A. Introduction
B. Causes
1) Hypovolemic
2) Cardiogenic
3) Vasogenic
a. Septic
b. Anaphylactic
4) Neurogenic
C. Consequences Fig. 4)
D. Treatment