4E10.10 Charles's Law (V ~ T)

Temperature increase will result in volume increasing. Pressure remains constant at atmospheric plus pressure due to weight of plunger.

Setup Requirements: Some assembly required. . Open plastic clips. Push the plunger to the bottom. Attach metal cylinder to device. Put cylinder on hot plate.

Equations: PV = NkT

Safety Issues: Red hot hotplate. Keep plastic tube away from hot plate burner.

4E10.15 Temperature and Volume

Focus bright light on bottom of device. The heat will cause the air volume to increase and force a colored liquid up a tube into top of device.

Setup Requirements: Ask ahead of time. Some assembly required.

Equations: PV = NkT

Safety Issues: hot light bulb, fragile glass tube

4E10.20 Balloons in Liquid Nitrogen

Put air filled balloon at top of larger container of LN. The volume will decrease as temperature decreases. May have to push it to get all the way in container. Remove and show volume increases while heating up.

Setup Requirements:Minimal. At least two working days notice or bring your own LN.

Equations: PV = NkT

Safety Issues: Liquid Nitrogen

4E20.20 Boyle's Law (V and P)

Demonstrate volume varies inversely with pressure. Add weights to top of device to increase pressure. The volume will decrease while temperature remains almost constant if done slowly. New device in picture on right will show temperature change on digital display if pressure increased rapidly.

Setup Requirements: Some assembly required. Open plastic clips. Raise plunger to top. Close plastic clips. New version has screw device to lower plunger.

Equations: PV = NkT or nRT

Safety Issues: Dropped weights

4E20.40 Balloon Expansion In Vacuum

Blow up a balloon part way and put in a vacuum chamber. Attach vacuum pump and pump air out. As the pressure inside the chamber decreases the balloon will expand. This can also be done  with marshmallows.

Setup Requirements: Assembled as needed. Bring your own marshmallows.

Equations: None

Safety Issues: Imploding vacuum chamber.