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Southeastern Native Annuals Recommended for Roadside Plantings

Most annuals, if not reliably hardy, are best planted in the spring. I have made this list to help out until the traditional fall planting. Almost all of the seeds for these plants are available from Wildseed. The few remaining can be found at the many native-plant nurseries, which have sprung up all over the Southeast. All those listed are pretty. I have grown most of them either in my yard or at Oak Mountain State Park.

Botanical Name Common Name Color Height Season
Moist to Wet Areas
Bidens aristosa Tickseed Sunflower Yellow 1-51 Aug - Oct
Coreopsis tinctoria Calhopsis, Plains C. Red & yel 24' May - July
Also comes in a dwarf variety, 1 - 2 feet tall
Helianthus angustifolius Narrow-leaved Sunflower Yellow T Summer
Agalinis purpurea Purple Gerardia Lav - pink 1-5'   Aug - Oct
Have seen a beautiful field in the Coastal Plain filled with this and Goldenrod
Rudbeckia amplexicaulis Clasping Coneflower Yellow 11/2 - 2' Jun - Sep
Sometimes listed as Ratibida or Dracopsis
Senecio glabellus Yellowtop      
Sometimes called Butterweed or Golden Ragwort
Moderate to Dry Soils
Rudbeckia hirta Black-Eyed Susan Yellow 2 - 3' Jun - Aug
Is considered an annual or short-lived perennial by seed catalogs. I have found it to be long-lived in my yard. R. triloba is very attractive also. The question here is whether both can be planted in the spring. I think they can be planted as late as March or April, but probably new plants will not bloom until the following year.
Gaillardia pulchella Indian Blanket, Fire Wheel Red & Yellow 11/2 - 2' May - Sep
Salvia coccinea Scarlet Sage Bright Red 1 - 3' Apr - Frost
Phlox drummondii Drummond's Phlox Lav, Pink, White, Red 8 - 24" Apr - Jun
Monarda citriodora Lemon Mint, Purple Horse Mint Lav, Purple 1 - 3' May - Aug

The above list contains relatively few flowers, largely because most of the handsomest meadow or roadside species are perennials and best planted in the fall. However, many non-native annuals are very showy and frequently planted. If using non-natives, I think cosmos are among the handsomest and safest. They don't seem to escape to natural areas, at least I have not seen them do so. Wildseed sells them. The orange and yellow varieties are very striking.

I have found that yellow, orange, and white flowers are most visible from a passing car. The blues, purples, and other cool colors do not carry as well, although they are beautiful. Very dark red does not have good visibility, but pink (as in primroses, or Oenothera speciosa) is very visible especially when contrasted with the purple of Verbena. Many perennials, such as Ironweed, are very showy and can be appreciated from autos in motion even though they are deep purple. I would be happy to discuss perennials for fall planting whenever you like.

Copyright Alabama Wildflower Advisory Committee 1998.
For problems or questions regarding this web contact Roxanna Dean.