SYLLABUS

BI 106 - Human Biology

BI 106: Human Biology (5). Lec. 4. Lab 1.
All quarters. Introductory human anatomy and physiology with emphasis on recent improvements in health care. This course is designed specifically for the student satisfying a general education requirement in natural science. Cannot be used to meet major or minor requirements in biological science. Credit will not be allowed for both BI 106 and BI 102 or 103.
Prerequisites: BI 101 or BI 105 or BI 171 or SM 101

Textbooks
Essentials of Human Anatomy & Physiology. Hole, Jr. / 5th ed. ISBN# 0-697-16044-0 / Wm C. Brown Publishing Co. Human Biology Laboratory Manual. 1st edition/1991 Wester/Dobie/Lishak. Contemporary Publ. Co.

Topical Outline
(Human Integumentary System)

Relationship of cells, tissues, organs, and organ systems, Types of epithelial tissue, Function of the human integument, Structure of the skin.

(Skeletal System)

Functions of connective tissues, Formation of connective tissues, Loose connective tissue, Fibrous connective tissues, Fat, Cartilage, Bone - microscopic structure, Long bone macroscopic structure, Function of human skeleton, Axial skeleton, Appendicular skeleton, Articulations, Disorders of skeletal system, Laboratory Exercise 1: Skeletal System.
 
(Muscular System)

Muscle types - skeletal, cardiac, smooth, Structure of a skeletal muscle, Structure of a myofibril, Sliding filament theory of contraction, Motor unit - all or nothing principle, Mechanism of conduction at neuromuscular junction, Muscle twitch, Multiple motor unit summation, Temporal summation, Muscle tone, Hypertrophy and atrophy, Origin, insertion, and action of muscle, Laboratory Exercise 2: Skeletal Muscles. 

(Digestive System)

Roles of gastrointestinal tract and accessory glands, Oral cavity and salivary glands, Esophagus - peristalsis, Stomach - digestive secretions and absorption, Small intestine - digestive secretions and absorption, Liver and gall bladder - digestive role, Pancreas - digestive role, Large intestine - bacterial activity and absorption, Vermiform appendix, Chemical digestion of each of major food molecules, Control of digestive enzyme secretion, Laboratory Exercise 3: Digestion. 

(Circulatory System)

Functions of circulatory system, Structure of blood vessels, Exchange of materials in capillary bed, Anatomy of the heart, Path of blood flow through the heart, Cardiac cycle, Control of contraction of the heart, Electrocardiogram, Blood pressure and its measurement, Disorders of the circulatory system, Lymphatic system, Laboratory Exercise 4: Circulation I. 

(Blood)

Formed elements, Erythrocytes, Leukocytes, Platelets, Blood plasma, Hematocrit, Blood clotting, Infection fighting, Antibody formation, Active immunity and passive immunity, Blood types, Blood related disorders and diseases, Laboratory Exercise 5: Circulation II. 

(Respiratory System)

Passage of air through the respiratory system, Mechanics of breathing, Nervous control of breathing, Transport of O2 and CO2 in the blood, External respiration, Internal respiration, Diseases and disorders of the respiratory system, Laboratory Exercise 6: Blood and Respiration. 

(Excretory System)

Excretory products, Organs of excretion, Urinary system, Macroscopic structure of the kidney, Structure of the nephron and associated blood vessels, Pressure filtration of glomerulus, Selective reabsorption along nephron, Active secretion into nephron, Control of the volume of urine produced, Effects of caffeine, alcohol, and salt on urine production, Diseases and disorders of the urinary system.

(Nervous System)

Nerve tissue, Transmission along a neuron, All or nothing principle, threshold stimulus, Transmission across a synapse, Myelinated fibers, Peripheral and central divisions of nervous system, Motor neurons and sensory neurons, Somatic nervous system, Reflex arc, Autonomic nervous system, Function of parts of the brain, Chemical transmitters in the brain, Diseases and disorders of the nervous system, Laboratory Exercise 7: Excretory System and Brain. 

(Sensory Structures)

Sense receptors in skin and muscles, Taste buds, Olfactory cells, Eye - structure and function, Focusing of light on the retina, Corrective lenses, Diseases and disorders of the eye, Ear - structure, Sense of balance, Sense of hearing, Diseases and disorders of the ear, Laboratory Exercise 8: The ear, eye, and tongue. 

(Endocrine System)

Compare functions of endocrine and nervous system, Anterior pituitary, Posterior pituitary, Control of pituitary by hypothalamus, Negative feedback control mechanism, Thyroid, Parathyroids, Pancreas - both an exocrine and endocrine gland, Adrenal medulla, Adrenal cortex, Ovary and testis, Placenta, Duodenum and stomach, Disorders of endocrine system. 

(Reproductive System)

Spermatogenesis and oogenesis, Male reproductive system, Pathway of sperm, Glands that contribute seminal fluid, Effects of sex hormones, Female reproductive system, Hormonal regulation of ovulation and menstruation, Fertilization, Menopause, Methods of birth control, Diseases and disorders of the reproductive system, Laboratory Exercise 9: Endocrine and Reproductive Systems. 

(Development)

Zygote, Cleavage, Blastula, Implantation in the uterus, Formation of embryonic membranes, Placenta, Fetal circulatory system, Fetal nervous system, Fetal reproductive organs, Effects of drugs and diseases on fetus, Month by month development, Labor and parturition. 

Laboratory Topics
    1. Integument and Human Skeleton
    2. Muscles
    3. Digestive System
    4. Heart, Blood Flow, and Blood
    5. Blood Pressure, Pulse and ECG
    6. Respiratory System
    7. Nervous and Endocrine Systems
    8. Sensory Structures
    9. Excretory and Reproductive system.

Evaluation
Evaluation of student performance is based on cumulative scores of a 500-point total with three major lecture tests (20%); one mid-term lab practical (40 pts); a final comprehensive lecture exam (20%) and a final comprehensive lab practical (60 pts.).