(Atoms and Molecules)
Models of Atomic Structure, Isotopes, Electrons and Energy, Ionic Bonds, Covalent Bonds, Molecular Structure,
Chemical Reactions, Biologically Important Elements.
(Water)
Hydrogen Bonds, Surface Tension, Capillary Action, Imbibition, Water and Temperature, Specific heat of Water, Heat of Vaporization, Freezing, Water as a Solvent, Acids and Bases,
The pH Scale, Buffers.
(Organic Molecules)
The Carbon Backbone, Chemical Radicals, The Energy Factor,
Monosaccharides, Complex Sugars, Storage Carbohydrates, Structural Carbohydrates.
(Lipids)
Fats and Oils, Phospholipids, Waxes, Steroids.
(Proteins)
Amino Acids, Levels of Protein Organization, Structural Proteins, Functional Proteins.
(Cells)
The Cell theory, Disproof of Spontaneous Generation, Origin of Life, Heterotrophs, Autotrophs, Prokaryotes, Eukaryotes,
Multicellularity, Microscopes.
(Cellular Organization)
Cell Size and Shape, Membranes, The Cell Wall, The Nucleus,
The Cytoplasm, Ribosomes, Endoplasmic Reticulum, Golgi Bodies,
Lysosomes, Mitochondria, Plastids, Cellular Movements, Cellular Communication.
(How Things Get into and out of Cells)
Membrane Structure, Bulk Flow, Diffusion, Osmosis, Osmotic and Turgor Pressures, Active Transport, Facilitated Diffusion,
Exocytosis.
(How Cells Divide)
Cell Division in Prokaryotes, Cell Division in Eukaryotes,
The Cell cycle, Phases of Mitosis, The Spindle, The Centrioles,
Cytokinesis.
(The Flow of Energy)
Laws of Thermodynamics, Oxidation-Reduction Reactions,
Metabolism, Enzyme Structure and Function, Cofactors in Enzymes,
Enzymatic Pathways, Regulation of Enzyme Activity, ATP.
(Cellular Respiration)
Glycolysis, Fermentation, Oxidation of Pyruvic Acid, Krebs Cycle, Electron Transport, Oxidative Phosphorylation, Chemosmosis, Other Catabolic Pathways, Biosynthesis.
(Photosynthesis)
The Nature of Light, Photosynthetic Pigments, Chloroplast Structure, The Photosystems, Light-Trapping Reactions, Cyclic Electron flow, Photosynthetic Phosphorylation, The Calvin Cycle,
The Four-carbon Pathway.
(Mendelian Genetics)
Early Ideas about Heredity, The First Experiments, Blending Inheritance, The Principle of Segregation, The Principle of Independent Assortment, The Influence of Mendel.
(Meiosis and Sexual Reproduction)
Haploidy, Diploidy, Meiosis and the Life Cycle, Meiosis versus Mitosis, The Phases of Mitosis, Cytology and Genetics Meet.
(Genes and Chromosomes)
Gene Interactions, Mutations, Polygenic Inheritance, Pleiotropy, Multiple Alleles, Sex Determination, Sex-Linkage,
Linkage, Recombination, Chromosome Mapping.
(Molecular Genetics)
Chemistry of Heredity, Transforming Factor, DNA, The Watson-Crick Model, DNA Replication, DNA as an Information Carrier, Genes and Proteins, The Virus Coat, The Genetic Code,
RNA, RNA Synthesis, Protein Synthesis.
(Recombinant DNA)
The Bacterial Chromosome, Plasmids, Conjugation, Viruses and Transduction, Insertion Sequences, Restriction Enzymes, DNA Sequencing.
(Evidence for Evolution)
Number of Species, Biogeography, Fossil Record, Homology,
Darwin's Theory, Evolution in Action, Modern Evolutionary Theory.
(Genetic Basis of Evolution)
The Gene Pool, Alleles and Genotypes, Hardy-Weinberg, Mutations, Migrations, Genetic Drift, Nonrandom Mating.
(Variability)
Extent of Variability, Origin of Variability, Artificial Selection, Quantifying Variability, Sexual Reproduction,
Outbreeding, Diploidy, Balanced Polymorphism, Heterozygote superiority, Clines and Ecotypes, Frequency-Dependent Selection.
(Natural Selection)
Types of Selection, Fecundity and Longevity, Developmental and Structural Constraints, Degeneration, The Red Queen Effect,
Sexual Selection, Divergent Evolution, Convergent Evolution,
Parallel Evolution, Coevolution.
(Origin of Species)
Allopatric Speciation, Sympatric Speciation, Genetic Isolation, Darwin's Finches, The Fossil Record, Phyletic Change,
Cladogenesis, Adaptive radiation, Extinction, Punctuated Equilibria.
(Population Dynamics and Life History Strategies)
Patterns of Growth, Carrying Capacity, Mortality Patterns, Age Structure, The Asexual Advantage, Life-History Strategies.
(Community Interactions)
Competition, The Ecological Niche, Family Rivalries, Predation and Numbers, Predation and Species Diversity, Symbiosis, Parasitism, Mutualism, The Number of Species.
(Ecosystems)
The Flow of Energy, Productivity, Trophic Levels, Biogeochemical Cycles, Concentration of Elements, Ecological Succession.
(The Biosphere)
Climate, The Earth, Temperate Deciduous Forests, Coniferous Forests, The Tundra, Temperate Grasslands, Tropical Grasslands,
Chaparral, The Deserts, Tropical Rain Forests, Effects of Altitude.
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