Images used in Byrne and Fielding Barnsley's phoneme awareness training study

Byrne, B., & Fielding-Barnsley, R. (1991). Evaluation of a program to teach phonemic awareness to young children. Journal of Educational Psychology, 83, 451-455.

In the study, children searched posters for the phonemes they were learning about. Here are their posters for /p/, /l/, and /t/. There are two posters for each phoneme, one for searching for words that begin with the phoneme, and one for searching for words that end with the phoneme.

/p/ at the beginning of words

Initial /p/

/p/ at the end of words

Final /p/

/l/ at the beginning of words

Initial /l/

/l/ at the end of words

Final /l/

/t/ at the beginning of words

Initial /t/

/t/ at the end of words

Final /t/