DIGESTION

  1. Introduction
    1. Anatomy
      1. Tract
      2. Accessory Organs
    2. Functions
    3. Microanatomy
      1. Tunica Mucosa
        1. Epithelial
        2. Lamina propria
        3. Muscularis mucosa
      2. Tunica submucosa
      3. Tunica muscularis
      4. Tunica serosa
      5. Nerve plexus
        1. Myenteric (Auerbach's)
        2. Submucosa (Meissner's)
    4. Gastrointestinal regulation
  2. Mouth
    1. Chewing
    2. Saliva
      1. Glands
      2. Functions
  3. Esophagus
    1. Swallowing
    2. Pharyngoesophageal sphincter
    3. Gastroesophageal sphincter
  4. Stomach
    1. Anatomy
      1. Macroanatomy
      2. Microanatomy
        1. Oxyntic mucosa
          • mucous neck cells
          • chief cells (pepinogen)
          • parietal cells (HC1 & intrinsic factor)
        2.  Pyloric gland area
      3. B) Digestion
        1.  Mechanical activity
        2.  Chemical digestion
      4. Regulation
        1. Cephalic phase
        2. Gastiric phase
        3. Intestinal phase
  5. Small Intestine
    1. Anatomy
      1. Regions
      2. Wall modifications to increase surface area
    Click to see a larger picture.
  6. Pancreatic and Liver Secretions
    1. Pancreas
      1. Bicarbonate
      2. Enzymes
        1. Proteases
          • trypsinogen
          • chymotrypsinogen
          • procarboxypeptidase
        2. Lipases
        3. Amylases
      3. Liver (bile salts)
      4. Regulation
        1. Secretion
        2. Cholecystokinin
  7. Final Digestion and Absorption in Microvilli
    1. Fats
    2. Carbohydrates
      1. Glucose and galactose
      2. Fructose
    3. Proteins
  8. Large Intestine & Rectum
  9. Defecation
  10. Pathologies
    1. Ulcers
    2. Inflamatory Bowel Disease
    3. Appendicitis
    4. Diverticulosis
  11. Pharmacology
    1. Ulcer treatments
      1. Neutralizine
        1. Aluminum hydroxide (Amphogel)
        2. MgOH plus A1OH (Maalox, Gellusil, Mylanta)
      2. Anticholinergic (Pro-Banthine)
      3. H-2 Blockers
        1. Cimetidine (Tagament)
        2. Ranitidine (Zantac)
        3. Famotidine (Pepcid)
      4. Ulcer coater
        1. sucralfate (Carafate)
      5. Antiemetics
        1. Antihistamines
          • dimenhydrinate (Dramamine)
          • meclizine (Bonnie) (Antivert)
        2. Anticholineraics (Transderm Scop)
        3. Central medullary (Tigan)
      6. Emetics (Ipecac syrup)
      7. Antidiarrheals
        1. Local acting (Kaopectate, Pepto-Bismol)
        2. Systemically acting
          1. Opiates
          2. Synthetic opiates (Lemotil, Imodium)
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