Endocrinology I

Introduction

1. Intercellular Communications
   1. Paracrines
   2. Neurotransmitters
   3. Hormones
   4. Neurohormones
2. Feedback Mechanisms
   1. Simple
   2. Complex (multilevel)
3. Chemical Nature of Hormones
   1. Amino Acid Derivatives
   2. Peptide and Protein Hormones
   3. Steroids
4. Synthesis
   1. Peptide and Protein
   2. Steroid
5. Transport
6. Mechanism of Action
   1. Proteins
      1. 2nd. Messenger
      2. Change in Membrane Permeability
   2. Steroids

Hypothalamus - Pituitary

Pineal Gland

1. Introduction
   1. Anterior Pituitary - Adenohypophyss
   2. Posterior Pituitary - Neurohypophysis
2. Embryology
3. Adult Anatomy - See Fig. 1
   1. General Anatomy
   2. Ant. Pituitary Cell Types
      1. Somatotroph (40-50%) Human growth hormone (HGH)
      2. Mammatroph (10-15%) Prolactin
      3. Coricotroph (15-20%) Adrenalcorticotrophic hormone (ACTH)
         Melanocyte stimulating hormone (MSH)
      4. Thyrotroph (3-5%) Thyroid stimulating hormone (TSH)
      5. Gonadotroph (10-15%)Follicle stimulating hormone (FSH)
         Luteinizing hormone (LH)
4. Relationships of Hypothalamus and Pituitary
   1. Neural relationships and posterior pituitary
   2. Circulatory relationships - anterior pituitary - hypophyseal portal system and releasing/inhibiting hormones
      1. Thyrotropin releasing hormone (TRN)
      2. Corticotropin releasing hormone (CRH)
      3. Gonadotropin releasing hormone (G,RH)
      4. Growth hormone releasing hormone (GHRH)
      5. Growth hormone inhibiting hormone (GHIH or somatostatin)
      6. Prolactin releasing factor (PRF)
      7. Prolactin inhibiting factor (PIF)
5. Anterior Pituitary Hormone Functional Overview
   1. F.S.H.
   2. L.H.
   3. A.C.T.H.
   4. T.S.H.
   5. Prolactin
   6. H.G.H.
6. Intermediate Lobe Hormone Functional Overview
7. Posterior Pit. Functional Overview
   1. A.D.H.
   2. Oxytocin
8. Pineal Gland

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