I.     Introduction
         A. General Functions
         B. Components
         C. Divisions
 
 II.    Heart
         A. Microanatomy
         B. Electrical Events
              1. Fast Response
                a) Description
                b) Ionic events
              2. Slow Response
                a) Description
                b) Ionic events
          C. Excitation Coupling
          D. Effect of Autonomic N. System
          E. Gross Morphology
                1.   Pericardial Sac
                2.   Heart Wall
                3.   Chambers
                4.   Conductile System

III.   Mechanical Events of Heart (Figure 1)
        1. Heart Sounds
        2. End systolic volume, end diastolic volume, stroke volume, ejection fraction.

 

 
IV.   Electrical events (EKG)

V.    Abnormal Electrical Events
        A.   Abnormal rhythmicity of pacemaker
               1. Tachycardia
               2. Bradycardia
        B.   Abnormal rhythmicity resulting from blocks
                1.   Generalizations
                2.   A-V blocks
                        a. Causes
                        b. Types
         C.   Abnormal pathway of impulse transmission
                1.   Generalizations
                2.   Re-entry (Fibrillation)
          D.  Ectopic foci
                1. P.A.C.'s
                2. P.V.C.'s

VI.    Regulation of Cardiac Output
          A.   Factors influencing
          B.   Intrinsic mechanisms
                1.   Hemometric
                2.   Heterometric -- Starling's Law - Preload
          C.   Extrinsic
                1.   Parasympathetic
                        a.    Innervation
                        b.    Effect and ionic explanation
                2.   Sympathetic
                        a.    Innervation
                        b.    Effect and ionic explanation
           D.   Effect of Afterload
           E.    Summary (See Figure 2)

VII. Congestive Heart Failure
           A.   Etiology
           B.   Treatment
                  1.   Diuretics
                  2.   Cardiac glycosides
                         a.    digitoxin (Lanoxin)
                         b.    digitoxin (Crystodigin)

VIII. Coronary Blood Flow
            A.   Normal Physiology
            B.   Pathophysiology
                  1.   Vascular spasm
                  2.   Coronary atherosclerosis
                        a.    Demography
                        b.    Risk Factors
                        c.    Ischemia - angina
                        d.    Infarction
                    3.   Thromboembolism
            C. Pharmacology
                   1.    Nitrates (Nitroglycerin)
                          a.   Nitrostat
                          b.   Nitrodur
                          c.   Transdurm-Nitro
                   2.    B-blockers
                   3.    Calcium channel blockers
                           a.   Mode of action
                           b.   Verapramil (Isoptin)(Calan)
                           c.   Nifedipine (Procardia)
                           d.   Diltiazem (Cardizem)
                           e.   Nicardipine (Cardene)

IX.     Valvular Diseases
           A. Examples
                a. Regurgitations (insufficiency, incompetency)
                b. Stenosis
           B. Diagnosis
           C. Causes
                a. Rheumatic fever
                b. Prolapse

X.     Work of Heart