PUT ALL ANSWERS ON SCAN SHEET
PUT YOUR NAME ON FRONT AND BACK

NAME_____________________________________
SECTION______________


1. Desired to write down everything known at his time.
A. Hippocrates
B. Aristotle
C. Vesalius
D. Galen
E. Bernard


2. First used physiology to describe an academic discipline separate from anatomy
A. Harvey
B. Bernard
C. Galvani
D. Spallanzani
E. None of these


3. Made a discovery that had something to do with the nervous system
A. Galvani
B. Spallanzani
C. Erlanger
D. All of these
E. A & C


4. The fluid in a ganglion
A. Is part of the largest fluid compartment
B. Contains a relatively high concentration of Na⁺
C. Has a net negative charge at rest
D. All of these
E. A & C


5. The following individuals proposed a theory of membrane structure
A. Nicholsen
B. Davson
C. Gasser
D. All of these
E. Two of the above are correct


6. A sodium channel
A. Is likely a peripheral protein
B. Is likely a phospholipid
C. Is likely lined with Ca⁺⁺
D. All of these
E. A & C


7. Which does not belong
A. Maxair
B. G_S
C. Protein Kinase
D. Phospholipase C
E. Adenyl cyclase


8. Causes high concentration of K⁺ in interstitial fluid compartment
A. NA/K pump
B. Nernst Equation
C. Repolarization
D. A & B
E. None of these


9. During repolarization
A. K⁺ permeability increases from what it was just previously
B. Na⁺ permeability decreases from what it was just previously
C. Ca⁺⁺ permeability increases from what it was just previously
D. All of these
E. Two of the above are correct


10. A subthreshold stimulus
A. Causes an EPSP
B. Decreases the threshold potential
C. Briefly hyperpolarizes the membrane
D. All of these
E. Two of the above are correct


11. What event(s) would likely take place after a skeletal muscle was directly stimulated by an electrical stimulus?
A. Phospholipase C activated
B. Synapsin phosphorolated
C. Ca⁺⁺ bends to troponin
D. Two of these
E. All of these


12. The I-band contains
A. Troponin
B. Titan
C. Actin
D. All of these
E. Two of these


13. During the events preceding muscle contraction
A. PIP₂ of the T-tubules may be converted in IP₃
B. Phospholipase C within the sarcoplasmic reticulum may be activated
C. ATP is converted to ADP
D. All of these
E. Two of these


14. Part of a myofibril
A. Myosin
B. Sarcoplasmic reticulum
C. Actin
D. All of these
E. A & C


15. During muscle contraction which gets shorter
A. H-Zones
B. Myofibrils
C. Sarcomeres
D. All of these
E. Two of these


16. During muscle contraction, calcium
A. Is released from the T-tubules
B. Binds to tropomyosin
C. Activates synapsin
D. All of these
E. Two of these


17. During muscle contraction ATP
A. Binds to troponin
B. Is needed to re-cock the head
C. Is made from creatine
D. All of these
E. Two of these


18. The following may occur during latency
A. PIP₂ is converted to IP₃
B. Ryanodine receptors on the T-tubules are activated
C. Calcium is reclaimed by the sarcoplasmic reticulum
D. All of these
E. Two of these


19. The thick filament
A. Shortens during muscle contraction
B. Is flexible
C. Is part of the triad
D. Two of these
E. None of these


20. Which of the following best shows the effect of stimulating a muscle fiber with a stimulus of progressively increasing voltage?





21. Smooth muscle
A. Has a third type of myofilament called dystrophin
B. Has a sarcoplasmic reticulum
C. Has troponin
D. Two of these
E. None of these


22. Single-unit smooth muscle cells are
A. Are singly (individually) innervated
B. Are activated by calcium
C. Contain myosin
D. All of these
E. Two of these


23. Astroglia are
A. More numerous than neurons
B. Only found in the CNS
C. Release neurotransmitters
D. All of the above
E. Two of the above


24. Found in the CNS
A. Tegmentum
B. Schwann Cells
C. Astroglia
D. All of these
E. Two of these


25. Structural type of neuron found in C fibers (Erlangar and Gasser)
A. Multipolar
B. Bipolar
C. Pseudo unipolar
D. Two of these
E. None of these


QUESTIONS 26 - 29 REQUIRE THE USE OF THIS FIGURE:



26. In the above figure the relationship between neurons A and B is best described as:
A. Convergence
B. Pre-synaptic facilitation
C. Divergence
D. Summation
E. None of these


27. Assuming that the neurotransmitter from neuron 1 increases the potassium permeability in neuron A, what would be the most likely event in neuron A after neuron 1 depolarized?
A. A M.E.P.
B. An E.P.S.P.
C. An I.P.S.P.
D. Depolarization
E. None of these


28. The relationship (functional or structural) between neurons 1, 3, 4, 5 and neuron A could be described as
A. Convergence
B. Spacial summation
C. Temporal summation
D. All of these
E. Two of these


29. The relationship between neurons 2 and 3 could definitely be described as
A. Divergence
B. Presynaptic facilitation
C. Convergence
D. Two of these
E. None of these


30. Found within telencephalon
A. Broca'a area
B. Globis pallidus
C. Tegmentum
D. All of these
E. Two of these


31. Lobe of the cerebrum involved with hearing
A. Auditory lobe
B. Parietal lobe
C. Occipital lobe
D. Canna lobe
E. None of these


32. Associated with grey matter
A. Gyri
B. Homunculus
C. Commissural fibers
D. All of these
E. Two of these


33. Associated with the hypothalamus
A. Regulation of respiration
B. Supra chiasmatic nucleus
C. Osmoreceptor
D. All of these
E. Two of these


34. Found within the mesencephalon
A. Spino cerebellum
B. Flocculondular nucleus
C. Cerebrocerebellum
D. All of these
E. None of these


35. Associated in some way with the ears or hearing
A. Inferior colliculi
B. Temporal lobe
C. Cochlear nucleus
D. All of these
E. Two of these


36. Associated with the medulla
A. Tegmentum
B. Nucleus gracilis
C. Osmoreceptors
D. All of the above
E. Two of the above


37. Part of CNS
A. Ependymal cells
B. Putamen
C. Lateral funiculus
D. All of these
E. Two of these


38. Has something to do with the limbic system
A. Perifornical nucleus
B. Olds & Miller
C. Reticular formation
D. All of these
E. A & B


39. The dorsal horn is
A. Part of the PNS
B. Posterior
C. Efferent
D. All of these
E. B & C


40. Connects the IV ventricle to the central canal
A. Foramen of Monroe
B. Foramen of Luschka
C. Aqueduct of Muse
D. Foramen of Magendie
E. Aqueduct of Sylvius


41. CSF is found in
A. The central canal
B. The III ventricle
C. Falx cerebri
D. All of these
E. A & B


A = INCREASE OR GREATER THAN B = DECREASE OR LESS THAN C = NO EFFECT OR EQUAL TO
42. Size of the extracellular fluid compartment as compared to the size of the interstitial fluid compartment


43. Amount of transcellular fluid as compared to the amount of cerebral spinal fluid


44. Effect of SLO-BID on acetylcholine esterase activity


45. Effect of activating phospholipase C on subsequent protein kinase activity


46. Amount of energy required for carrier facilitated diffusion as compared to the energy required for osmosis


47. Permeability of a resting membrane to K⁺ as compared to its permeability to Na⁺


48. Effect of increasing intracellular K⁺ on the magnitude of the excitability threshold


49. Effect of increasing extracellular Ca⁺⁺ on the magnitude of the threshold potential


50. Number of telodendria in a somatic efferent neuron in the eye as compared to the number of telodendria in a somatic efferent neuron in the back.

51. Effect of curare on the amount of ACH released from somatic efferent neurons.


52. Number of sarcomeres as compared to the number of myofibrils in a muscle fiber.


53. Number of G-actin in a thin filament as compared to number of F-actin.


54. Number of mitochondria in Type I as compared to Type II fibers.


55. Effect of Botox on amount of ACH released by a somatic efferent neuron.


56. Effect of taking ZY560 on the possibility of getting torticollis.


57. Number of neurons in the afferent component of a visceral reflex as compared to the number of neurons in the afferent component of a somatic reflex.


58. Excitability threshold of the axonal hillock as compared to the excitability threshold of the telodendria.


59. Ability of Schwann cells to form a regeneration tube as compared to an oligodendria's ability to form a regeneration tube.
60. Number of sacral spinal nerves as compared to the number of lumbar spinal nerves.