RESPIRATION

I. Regulation

A. Establishment of Basic Pattern

1. Medullary structures

a. Nucleus tractus solitarius

b. Dorsal respiratory group
c. Ventral respiratory group
d. Nucleus ambiguous
e. Nucleus retro-ambigualis
f. Botzinger's complex

2. Pontine Structures

a. Pneumotaxic center
b. Apneustic center

B. Neuronal Control

1. Other parts of CNS

a. Brain
b. Spinal Cord

2. Receptors in Lungs (Herring Breuer reflex)

C. Humoral Control

1. Role of arterial 02
2. Role of arterial CO,
3. Role of arterial H+

D. Effect of exercise
E. Relationships between vasomotor center and respiratory center

II. Anatomy

A. Nose
B. Pharynx

1. Nasopharynx
2. Oropharynx
3. Laryngopharynx

C. Larynx
D. Trachea
E. Bronchi
F. Respiratory unit

G. Respiratory Membrane
 
 
 
 


H. Surfactant
I. IRDS, ARDS, and S.I.D.S.

III. Mechanics of Ventilation

A. Pleural membranes
B. Pressure differences and dynamics

IV. Respiratory Volumes

 V. Airway Resistance & Complience

            A.  COPD

                        1.  Chronic bronchitis

                        2.  Asthma

                        3.  Emphysema

            B.  Complience

                        - Pulmonary fibrosis

VI. Gaseous Exchange

A. Physical Laws

1. Dalton's law
2. Henry's law

B. Exchange

1. O2
2. CO2
3. Factors influencing diffusion

VII. Gaseous Transport

A. Hemoglobin

1. Structure

a.  Pyrolle rings

b.  Inon

c.  Globulin

2. Oxyhemoglobin disassociation curves

a. Normals
b. Factors affecting

B. Transport of CO2

1. In solution
2. Carbaminohemoglobin
3. Bicarbonate

C. Integration of CO2/O2 loading and unloading

VII. Red Blood Cell Production

A. Components of Blood
B. Erythropoiesis
C. Cell Types --- Primordial --- Mature
D. Regulation
E. Pathology

1. Anemia

a. Nutritional
b. Pernicious
c. Aplastic
d. Renal
e. Hemorrhagic
f. Hemolytic

2. Polycythemia

a. Primary
b. Secondary

VIII. Destruction of RBC's

A. Iron's fate
B. Globulins fate
C. Pyrolle ring's fate

IX. Pharmacology

A. Nasal Decongestants

1. Phenlyephrine (Neosynephrine)

B. Bronchodilators

1. (Proventil)
2. (Ventolin)
3. (Atrovent)
4. (Serevent)

5. (Singulair)

C. Antihistamines

1. Diphenhydramine (Benadryl)
2. Chlorpheniramine (Chlor-Trimeton)
3. Claritin
4. Allegra

D. Expectorants

1.  Potassium iodide

2.  Guanitenesin

E. Mucolytics

1. (Mucomyst)

F. Antitussive

1. Codeine
2. (Tessalon)

                        G.  Combinations

                                    1.  Guaifenex DM

                                    2.  Guaifenex PSE

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