Put your name on the front and on the back                                                 Name__________________________

When doing problems, show ALL your work                                              Lab Section_____________________

Renal clearance of inulin = 200
Plasma concentration of X = 4 mg/100 ml
Cardiac output = 4,000 ml/min
T_max X=300 mg/min
Urine concentration X=20 mg/5 ml
Hematocrit=50
Urine volume =5 ml/min

Renal clearance of PAH = 1000
Renal fraction = 20%
T_LOAD of X = 300 mg/min
Hematocrit = 50
Urine volume = 10 ml/min
Plasma concent X = 6 mg/ml
T_max X = 200 mg/min

Cardiac output = 4000 ml/min
Urine volume = 10 ml/min
Renal fraction = 25%
PAH clearance = 400
T_max = 100 mg/min
GFR = 150 ml/min

Hematocrit = 50
Urine volume = 5 ml/min
T_max X = 200 mg/min
Inulin clearance = 100
Cardiac output = 4,000 ml/min
Plasma concentration of X = 3 mg/ml
Renal fraction = 25%
PAH Clearance = 500

Answer all remaining questions on the scan sheet. Only the answers on the scan sheet will be graded.

A. ADH
B. ANP
C. Aldosterone
D. All of these
[E.] Two of these

A. Liver
B. Kidney
[C.] Lung
D. Atria
E. Sertoli cells

A. PCT
B. Ascending Loop of Henle
C. DCT
D. Collecting duct
[E.] None of these

A. Is permeable to water
[B.] Actively transports sodium
C. Is influenced by aldosterone
D. All of these
E. Two of these

A. Is made in the posterior pituitary
B. Makes the PCT more permeable to water
C. Causes aldosterone to be released
D. Two of these
[E.] None of these

A. May become hyperexcitable
B. May be blowing off too much CO₂
[C.] May excrete an acidic urine
D. All of these
E. Two of these

[A.] Hydrogen ions are directly secreted from the tubular epithelial cells into the filtrate
B. Bicarbonate is directly reabsorbed from the filtrate into the epithelial cells
C. Ammonium ions are reabsorbed
D. All of these
E. Two of these

A. Can be caused by diarrhea
B. May occur at high altitude
C. Is compensated by blowing off more CO₂
D. Two of these
[E.] None of these

A. The pH is too high
B. Breathing is decreased
C. Bicarbonate is lost in the urine
D. All of these
[E.] Two of these

A. Nucleus ambiguous
[B.] Pneumotaxic center
C. Apneustic center
D. All of these
E. Two of these

A. Decrease in plasma pO₂
B. Increase in plasma pCO₂
C. Decrease in pH
D. All of these
[E.] None of these

A. Contains openings to the eustachian tubes
B. Is part of the dead space
C. Has the fauces leading into it
D. Two of these
E. None of these

[A.] Arytenoid cartilage
B. Thyroid cartilage
C. Epiglottic cartilage
D. Adam's cartilage
E. None of these

A. Is produced by Type II cells
B. Keeps big alveoli from collapsing into smaller ones
C. Decreases the surface tension of water
D. All of these
[E.] Two of these

A. Alveolus
B. Pulmonary artery
C. Central vein
D. All of these
[E.] Two of these

A. Bicarbonate
[B.] Carbaminohemoglobin
C. Dissolved

A. HHb
[B.] KHb0₂
C. HHb0₂
D. Hb0₂
E. None of these

A. Pernicious
B. Aplastic
C. Hemolytic
[D.] Hemorrhagic
E. Nutritional

A. Can be converted into stercobilin
B. Can be converted into bilirubin
C. Can be converted into urobilinogen
D. All of these
E. Two of these

A. Alupent
B. Proventil
C. Atrovent
D. Ventolin
E. None of these. All are beta agonists

A. Hydrolyze fats
B. Are produced by the gallbladder
[C.] Form micelles
D. All of these
E. Two of these

A. Glycogenesis
B. Urea synthesis
C. Phospholipids synthesis
[D.] All of these
E. Two of these

A. Is derived from the infundibulum
B. Produces oxytocin
C. Produces somatostatin
D. Two of these
[E.] None of these

A. Is produced by the intermediate lobe
B. Causes changes in the color of animals
[C.] Inhibits the gonadotrophic hormones
D. Two of these
E. None of these

A. Are produced in the hypothalamus
B. Inhibit growth hormone secretion
C. Are missing in people with acromegaly
D. All of these
[E.] None of these

A. Produce Mullerian Inhibiting Factor
B. Produce estrogen
C. Produce androgen binding protein
[D.] All of these
E. Two of these

A. A testes
B. A vas deferens
C. An epididymus
[D.] All of these
E. Two of these

A. Penis
[B.] Scrotum
C. Labia minor
D. All of these
E. Two of these

[A.] Estrogen
B. Androgens
C. a- fetal protein
D. H-Y antigen
E. None of these

A = Increase or greater than
B = Decrease or less than
C = No effect or equal to

[B] 30. Effect of increasing Bowman's capsule pressure on the filtration fraction

[B] 31. Effect of ANP on renin secretion

[C] 32. Effect of increasing arterial blood pressure from 80 mm to 120 mm on the filtration fraction

[A] 33. Effect of low sodium at the level of the macula densa on the subsequent diameter of the afferent arteriole

[B] 34. Effect of angiotensin II on the clearance of sodium

[B] 35. Hematocrit in afferent arteriole as compared to the efferent arteriole

[A] 36. Amount of P.A.H. in afferent arteriole as compared to the efferent arteriole

[C] 37. Amount of F.S.H. in afferent arteriole as compared to the amount in the efferent arteriole

[C] 38. Amount of glucose in the renal artery as compared to the renal vein

[C] 39. Amount of glucose in descending Loop of Henle as compared to the amount in the collecting duct. Assume T-load exceeds T-max

[A] 40. Effect of ADH on the permeability of the collecting duct

[B] 41. Effect of a uricosuric on the clearance of penicillin

[A] 42. Renal clearance of potassium of a person taking Diuril as compared to a person taking Aldactone

[A] 43. Effect of stimulating the nucleus tractus solitarius on the activity of the external intercostals

[A] 44. Effect of stimulating receptors in the Herring Breuer reflex on the number of afferent impulses in the X cranial nerve

[C] 45. Effect of decreasing plasma O₂ on the activity of the medullary chemoreceptors

[A] 46. Effect of stimulating the vasomotor center on respiratory activity

[B] 47. Magnitude of interpleural pressure as compared to atmospheric pressure during expiration

[B] 48. Magnitude of the expiratory reserve volume as compared to the volume of the inspiratory reserve volume

[B] 49. pO₂ in trachea as compared to pO₂ in the atmosphere

[C] 50. Effect of Haldane effect on the affinity of hemoglobin for oxygen

[A] 51. p50 of material hemoglobin as compared to the p50 of fetal hemoglobin

[A] 52. Affinity of hemoglobin for O₂ in a pulmonary capillary as compared to a systemic capillary

[A] 53. Effect of Epogen on the hematocrit

[A] 54. pO₂ in hepatic artery as compared to the pO₂ hepatic portal vein

[A] 55. Likelihood of an HDL to transport cholesterol to the liver as compared to an LDL

[B] 56. Effect of Lipitor on cholesterol synthesis

[C] 57. Effect of stimulating the osmoreceptors on the amount of ADH released into the hypophyseal portal vein

[A] 58. Effect of growth hormone on lipolysis

[A] 59. Effect of stress on growth hormone secretion

[A] 60. Plasma L.H. levels in 70 year old man as compared to a 25 year old man

[C] 61. Effect of DHT on the enlargement of larynx

[C] 62. Effect of L.H. on the activity of androgen binding protein

[C] 63. Effect of inhibin on L.H. secretion

[B] 64. Effect of increasing extracellular K⁺ on the polarity of a resting membrane

[A] 65. Number of lumbar spinal nerves with a somatic function as compared to the number with a visceral function

[A] 66. Magnitude of the end diastolic volume as compared to the magnitude of the cardiac output

[C] 67. Effect of Brethine on heart rate (Isolated Prep)

[B] 68. Effect of Timoptic on heart rate (Isolated Prep)

[C] 69. Effect of Lopressor plus Dobutrex on the diameter of the bronchi (Isolated Prep)